///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//	cstrings.cpp
//
//	Started 1/6/97 by Jeff Ondich
//	Last modified: 1/6/97
//
//	1.  Many C++ library functions, including the standard
//		input and output operators << and >>, assume that
//		character strings are stored as "null-terminated"
//		char arrays.  So, for example, you might create
//		a string like so:
//
//			char	myCat[10];
//
//			myCat[0] = 'E';
//			myCat[1] = 'm';
//			myCat[2] = 'm';
//			myCat[3] = 'a';
//			myCat[4] = '\0';
//
//		The "null" character '\0' has ASCII value 0.  Read
//		the program below, especially the "for" loop, to
//		make sure you understand the structure of a C++ string.
//
//	2.	Aren't these ctype.h functions handy?
//
//	3.	The strings library function strcat() copies
//		one string onto the end of another.  Which parameter(s)
//		of strcat(), if any, get changed by strcat()?
//		What is the relationship between the parameters
//		of strcat() and the return value of strcat()?
//		(You can type "man strcat" at the UNIX prompt
//		for some help.)
//
//	4.	The library function strcpy() copies one string
//		onto another.  Which gets copied onto which?
//		What happens if you replace the line
//
//			strcpy( secondString, firstString );
//
//		by the reasonable-seeming assignment statement:
//
//			secondString = firstString;
//
//		We'll talk later about why this works the way
//		it does.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include	<iostream.h>
#include	<ctype.h>
#include	<string.h>

const int	kMaxStringLength = 100;

int main( void )
{
	char	c;
	char	firstString[kMaxStringLength], secondString[kMaxStringLength];
	
	cout << "Type something: ";
	cin.getline( firstString, kMaxStringLength );

	cout << "Type something else: ";
	cin.getline( secondString, kMaxStringLength );


	// Loop through a string to print it out one
	// character at a time.

	cout << "Here's your first string, all upper case: ";
	for( int i=0; firstString[i] != '\0'; i++ )
	{
		c = toupper(firstString[i]);
		cout << c;
	}
	cout << endl << endl;

	
	
	// Use a utility function to "concatenate"
	// the copy onto the original.
	
	cout << "The concatenation: " << strcat( firstString, secondString ) << endl;
	cout << "The first string, after concatenation: " << firstString << endl;
	cout << "The second string, after concatenation: " << secondString << endl << endl;


	// Use a utility function to copy one string to
	// another.
	
	cout << "Copying the new first string onto the second." << endl;
	strcpy( secondString, firstString );
	cout << "Here's the first string: " << firstString << endl;
	cout << "Here's the second: " << secondString << endl << endl;
	
	return( 0 );
}